Effect of early determinants on adolescent fat-free mass: RPS cohort of São Luís - MA

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of early determinants on adolescent fat-free mass. METHODS: A cohort study with 579 adolescents evaluated at birth and adolescence in a birth cohort in São Luís, Maranhão. In the proposed model, estimated by structural equation modeling, socioeconomic status (SES) at birth, maternal age, pregestational body mass index (BMI), gestational smoking, gestational weight gain, type of delivery, gestational age, sex of the newborn, length and weight at birth, adolescent socioeconomic status, "neither study/nor work" generation, adolescent physical activity level and alcohol consumption were tested as early determinants of adolescent fat-free mass (FFM). RESULTS: A higher pregestational BMI resulted in higher FFM in adolescence (Standardized Coefficient, SC = 0.152; p < 0.001). Being female implied a lower FFM in adolescence (SC = −0.633; p < 0.001). The negative effect of gender on FFM was direct (SC = −0.523; p < 0.001), but there was an indirect negative effect via physical activity level (SC = −0.085; p < 0.001). Women were less active (p < 0.001). An increase of 0.5 kg (1 Standard Deviation, SD) in birth weight led to a gain of 0.25 kg/m2 (0.106 SD) in adolescent FFM index (p = 0.034). Not studying or working had a negative effect on the adolescent's FFM (SC = −0.106; p = 0.015). Elevation of 1 SD in the adolescent's physical activity level represented an increase of 0.5 kg/m2 (0.207 SD) in FFM index (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The early determinants with the greatest effects on adolescent FFM are gender, adolescent physical activity level, pregestational BMI, birth weight and belonging to the "neither-nor" generation.

Rejuvenescimento facial com lipoenxertia: sistematização e estudo de 151 casos consecutivos / Facial rejuvenation with fat grafting: systematization and study of 151 consecutive cases

Introdução: Considerando que a perda de volume facial é fator primário de envelhecimento, tem acontecido um aumento da demanda por materiais de preenchimento que sejam seguros, de longa duração e biocompatíveis. Nesse sentido, a utilização do enxerto de gordura vem ganhando bastante popularidade. Entretanto, existem questionamentos sobre segurança, eficácia e durabilidade da lipoenxertia. Além disso, a maioria dos artigos da literatura não menciona volumes injetados em cada área, dificultando o aprendizado dos iniciantes. Nesse estudo, analisam-se os resultados de uma série de 151 casos consecutivos de rejuvenescimento facial com lipoenxertia. Métodos: A gordura foi colhida por meio de sucção manual, centrifugada a 448g (2000 rpm/ raio 10cm) por 4 minutos e injetada com microcânulas de 1 a 1,1mm. Descreve-se a sistematização de áreas de injeção, com os respectivos volumes a serem aplicados. Resultados: Encontrou-se seguimento médio de 289,29 dias (mínimo 7, máximo 1254, DP 275,1), o volume médio injetado foi de 32 ml, variando de 4 a 68 (DP 14). Não houve complicações. Conclusão: A lipoenxertia é um procedimento seguro, previsível e efetivo, como opção de tratamento, para rejuvenescimento facial, em determinados casos.

Introduction: Considering that the loss of facial volume is a primary factor associated with aging, an increased demand for safe, long-lasting, and biocompatible filling materials has been observed. Thus, the use of fat grafting has gained considerable popularity. However, there are open questions about the safety, efficacy, and durability of fat grafting. Moreover, most studies have not presented the volumes injected in each region, making learning challenging for beginners in the area. In this study, the results of facial rejuvenation with fat grafting in 151 consecutive cases were analyzed. Methods: Fat was collected via manual suction, centrifuged at 448 g (2000 rpm/radius 10 cm) for 4 min, and injected with microcannulas that are 1-1.1 mm in size. The injection sites and corresponding injection volumes were identified. Results: The mean follow-up time was 289.29 days (minimum: 7 days, maximum: 1254 days, and standard deviation [SD]: 275.1), and the mean injection volume was 32 mL (range: 4-68 mL, SD: 14). Moreover, no complications were observed. Conclusion: Fat grafting is a safe, predictable, and effective procedure, and it can be used for facial rejuvenation in certain cases.

Paniculite pancreática como a primeira manifestação de doença visceral: relato de caso / Pancreatic panniculitis as the first manifestation of visceral disease: case report

A paniculite pancreática, condição patológica rara, acomete 2-3 por cento dos pacientes com doença do pâncreas. Em 40 por cento dos casos, precede manifestações de doença pancreática. Relata-se caso de paciente feminina, 71 anos, surgimento há 1 mês de nódulos eritematosos nas pernas que evoluíram para ulceração e saída de conteúdo amarelado. Sem sintomas abdominais. A biópsia revelou macrófagos vacuolizados e necrose gordurosa representada por áreas anfofílicas, de material amorfo. Exame laboratorial e TAC demonstraram pancreatite crônica. Presume-se que a liberação de enzimas pancreáticas, tais como a tripsina, pode aumentar a permeabilidade da microcirculação e, então, a lípase e a amilase causariam a necrose de gordura subcutânea observada nas lesões. Na histologia, observam-se "células fantasmas" e paniculite septal de início e posteriormente lobular. O tratamento direciona-se a resolução da doença base.

Pancreatic panniculitis is a rare pathological condition affecting 2-3 percent of patients with pancreatic disease. In 40 percent of cases the condition precedes manifestations of pancreatic disease. We report the case of a 71-year-old female who presented with an erythematous tender node which had appeared one month previously, progressing to ulceration and yellowish exudation. No abdominal symptoms. Biopsy revealed fat necrosis and vacuolated macrophages represented by amorphous amphophilic areas. Laboratory examination and CT scan revealed chronic pancreatitis. It is assumed that release of pancreatic enzymes such as trypsin may enhance the permeability of the microcirculation leading to lipase and amylase causing the subcutaneous fat necrosis observed in the lesions. Histology showed "ghost cells" and, firstly, septal panniculitis, followed later by lobular panniculitis. Treatment focused on resolution of the underlying pancreatic disease.